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Journal of Petrology Volume 41 Number 1 Pages 149-174 2000
© Oxford University Press 2000

Rhyolite Thermobarometry and the Shallowing of the Magma Reservoir, Coso Volcanic Field, California

CURTIS R. MANLEY1,* and CHARLES R. BACON2

1DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27599-3315, USA
2US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD ROAD MS-910, MENLO PARK, CA 94025-3591, USA

The compositionally bimodal Pleistocene Coso volcanic field is located at the western margin of the Basin and Range province ~60 km north of the Garlock fault. Thirty-nine nearly aphyric high-silica rhyolite domes were emplaced in the past million years: one at 1 Ma from a transient magma reservoir, one at ~0·6 Ma, and the rest since ~0·3 Ma. Over the past 0·6 My, the depth from which the rhyolites erupted has decreased and their temperatures have become slightly higher. Pre-eruptive conditions of the rhyolite magmas, calculated from phenocryst compositions using the two-oxide thermometer and the Al-in-hornblende barometer, ranged from 740°C and 270 MPa (2·7 kbar; ~10 km depth) for the ~0·6 Ma magma, to 770°C and 140 MPa (1·4 kbar; ~5·5 km) for the youngest (~0·04 Ma) magma. Results are consistent with either a single rhyolitic reservoir moving upward through the crust, or a series of successively shallower reservoirs. As the reservoir has become closer to the surface, eruptions have become both more frequent and more voluminous.

KEY WORDS: Al-in-hornblende; caldera; eruption; geothermal; rhyolite


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