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Journal of Petrology Volume 42 Number 7 Pages 1349-1372 2001
© Oxford University Press 2001

High-pressure Fluid–Rock Reactions involving Cl-bearing Fluids in Lower-crustal Ductile Shear Zones of the Flakstadøy Basic Complex, Lofoten, Norway

KÅRE KULLERUD1,*, KJERSTI FLAAT1 and BØRRE DAVIDSEN2

1DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ, N-9037 TROMSØ, NORWAY
2GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NORWAY, LEIV EIRIKSSON VEI 39, N-7491 TRONDHEIM, NORWAY

Rocks occurring in narrow shear zones (<4 m wide) in a gabbro–anorthosite near Nusfjord, Flakstadøy, Lofoten, Norway, include Cl-enriched mineral assemblages, Cl-free mineral assemblages and eclogite-facies assemblages. Mineral equilibria calculations suggest that the different mineral assemblages formed under similar pressure and temperature conditions, at P = 11–14 kbar and T = 650–700°C. One reason for the mineralogical variations of the shear zones is that the rocks evolved from three distinctly different protolith types. Interactions between the rocks and an externally derived Cl-bearing hydrous fluid during shear zone formation resulted in a strong fractionation of the hydrous fluid, and extreme compositional variations of the hydrous mineral phases that formed in equilibrium with the fluid. Parts of the shear zone rocks experienced multiple infiltrations of fluids of different compositions because of local fluctuations of the fluid phase during the fluid–rock interactions. During the deformation, the externally derived fluid was introduced through the transiently highly permeable central parts of the shear zones. The fraction of the fluid that did not escape was rapidly consumed during subsequent hydration reactions.

KEY WORDS: shear zone; fluid–rock reaction; Lofoten; Norway


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