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Journal of Petrology Advance Access originally published online on December 3, 2004
Journal of Petrology 2005 46(3):579-601; doi:10.1093/petrology/egh089
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© The Author (2004). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions{at}oupjournals.org

Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Stratigraphy of the Rustenburg Layered Suite, Bushveld Complex: Constraints on Crustal Contamination

CHRIS HARRIS1,2,*, JULIE J. M. PRONOST2,3, LEWIS D. ASHWAL4 and R. GRANT CAWTHORN4

1 DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, RONDEBOSCH 7700, SOUTH AFRICA
2 DÉPARTEMENT DE GÉOLOGIE, UMR 6524, UNIVERSITÉ JEAN MONNET, 23 RUE PAUL MICHELON, F-42023 CÉDEX 2, FRANCE
3 LABORATOIRE MAGMAS ET VOLCANS, UMR 6524, 5 RUE KESSLER, 63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, FRANCE
4 SCHOOL OF GEOSCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND, PRIVATE BAG 3, PO WITS, 2050, SOUTH AFRICA

New {delta}18O values for plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine, and limited whole-rock {delta}D values are presented for samples from the Rustenburg Layered Suite of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. In combination with existing data, these provide a much more complete composite O-isotope stratigraphy for the intrusion. Throughout the layered suite, mineral {delta}18O values indicate that the magmas from which they crystallized had {delta}18O values that were about 7·1{per thousand}, that is, 1·4{per thousand} higher than expected for mantle-derived magmas, suggesting extensive crustal contamination. More limited H-isotope data suggest that the OH present within whole rocks, regardless of the degree of alteration, is of magmatic origin and not an alteration phenomenon. There appears to be no systematic change in {delta}18O value with stratigraphic height and this requires the contamination to have taken place in a ‘staging chamber’ before emplacement of the magma(s) into the present chamber. Large amounts (30–40%) of contamination by the lower to middle crust are needed to explain these {delta}18O values, which is in general agreement with previous estimates based on Sr- and Nd-isotope data. Alternatively, smaller amounts of contamination (~20%) by sedimentary rocks, or their partial melts, represented by the country rock can explain the data, but it is not apparent how such material could have been present at the depth of the ‘staging chamber’ in the lower to middle crust.

KEY WORDS: Bushveld Complex; Rustenburg Layered Suite; oxygen isotopes; hydrogen isotopes; crustal contamination

* Corresponding author. Telephone: +27 21 6502926. Fax: +27 21 6503783. E-mail: charris{at}geology.uct.ac.za


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