Journal of Petrology Advance Access originally published online on August 31, 2005
Journal of Petrology 2006 47(2):277-299; doi:10.1093/petrology/egi075
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Petrology and Geochemistry of West Philippine Basin Basalts and Early Palau–Kyushu Arc Volcanic Clasts from ODP Leg 195, Site 1201D: Implications for the Early History of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc
1 GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA, TAMPA, FL 33620, USA
2 DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES, FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, MIAMI, FL 33199, USA
3 DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE DELLA TERRA, UNIVERSITY FEDERICO II, NAPOLI 80138, ITALY, AND OSSERVATORIO VESUVIANO, ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA, NAPOLI, ITALY
4 DIPARTIMENTO GEORISORSE E TERRITORIO, UNIVERSITY OF UDINE, UDINE 33100, ITALY
RECEIVED MARCH 17, 2004; ACCEPTED JULY 28, 2005
Site 1201D of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 195 recovered basaltic and volcaniclastic units from the West Philippine Basin that document the earliest history of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana convergent margin. The stratigraphic section recovered at Site 1201D includes 90 m of pillow basalts, representing the West Philippine Basin basement, overlain by 459 m of volcaniclastic turbidites that formed from detritus shed from the Eocene–Oligocene proto-Izu–Bonin–Mariana island arc. Basement basalts are normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB), based on their abundances of immobile trace elements, although fluid-mobile elements are enriched, similar to back-arc basin basalts (BABB). Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf isotopic compositions of the basement basalts are similar to those of basalts from other West Philippine Basin locations, and show an overall Indian Ocean MORB signature, marked by high 208Pb/204Pb for a given 206Pb/204Pb and high 176Hf/177Hf for a given 143Nd/144Nd. Trace element and isotopic differences between the basement and overlying arc-derived volcaniclastics are best explained by the addition of subducted sediment or sediment melt, together with hydrous fluids from subducted oceanic crust, into the mantle source of the arc lavas. In contrast to tectonic models suggesting that a mantle hotspot was a source of heat for the early Izu–Bonin–Mariana arc magmatism, the geochemical data do not support an enriched, ocean island basalt (OIB)-like source for either the basement basalts or the arc volcanic section.
KEY WORDS: back-arc basalts; Izu–Bonin–Marianas; Philippine Sea; subduction initiation; Ocean Drilling Program Leg 195
* Corresponding author. Present address: Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, NHB-119, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. Telephone: (202)-633-1799. Fax: (202)-357-2476. E-mail: savovi{at}si.edu.