Journal of Petrology Advance Access originally published online on December 8, 2005
Journal of Petrology 2006 47(3):541-566; doi:10.1093/petrology/egi085
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Overlap of Karoo and Ferrar Magma Types in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
1 BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY, HIGH CROSS, MADINGLEY ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CB3 0ET, UK
2 SCHOOL OF GEOLOGICAL AND COMPUTER SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL, DURBAN 4041, SOUTH AFRICA
3 COLLEGE OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY, CORVALLIS, OR 97331-5503, USA
4 BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY, c/o NERC ISOTOPE GEOSCIENCES LABORATORY, KEYWORTH, NOTTINGHAM NG12 5GG, UK
5 SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY, EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM, BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT, UK
RECEIVED JULY 16, 2004; ACCEPTED OCTOBER 18, 2005
A suite of mafic dykes from the Underberg region of southern KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) were intruded at 
178 Ma, coincident in age with the major Okavango Dyke Swarm of Botswana, and also coincident with minor Karoo-related intrusions of the northern and central Lebombo. The dykes are all low-Ti–Zr tholeiites, they trend NW–SE and are presumed to continue into the Karoo central area of the Lesotho Highlands. In many respects, the Underberg dykes are similar to the majority of the low-Ti–Zr volcanic and subvolcanic intrusions of the Karoo; however, their 87Sr/86Sr and 
Nd isotope ratios are either ‘Ferrar-like’ (87Sr/86Sr 0·710; Nd < –3) or transitional between Karoo low-Ti–Zr and Ferrar low-Ti magmas. A potential Ferrar source for at least some of the Underberg dykes is supported by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analyses of the dyke suite, which demonstrate absolute flow direction from the SE to the NW, consistent with Gondwana reconstructions. The role of crustal contamination and combined fractional crystallization is also demonstrated to have played a key role in the petrogenesis of the Underberg dykes, involving a local upper crust contaminant. However, the composition of the ‘Ferrar-like’ dykes cannot be easily explained by AFC processes, but they do demonstrate that melting of a lithospheric mantle source enriched to a small degree by subduction-derived fluid was also important.
KEY WORDS: dyke; basalt; crustal contamination; large igneous province
* Corresponding author. E-mail: t-riley{at}bas.ac.uk
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