Journal of Petrology | Volume 40 | Number 6 | Pages 1011-1036 | 1999
© Oxford University Press 1999
Magmatism Associated with Orogenic Collapse of the Betic–Alboran Domain, SE Spain
1 Department of Earth Sciences, the Open University Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
2 Department of Geology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
3 Department of Geology, University of Durham South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
Received April 5, 1998; Revised typescript accepted January 8, 1999
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Abstract |
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Extensional collapse of the Betic–Alboran Domain in the Miocene was accompanied by several discrete episodes of magmatism which provide insights into the relationships between the thermal and mechanical state of the lithosphere during late orogenesis. The tholeiitic Malaga dykes, emplaced at 
30–27 Ma, have flat rare earth element (REE) patterns and low 87Sr/86Sr and high 143Nd/144Nd indicative of shallow decompression melting (5–15%) within the asthenosphere following removal of lithospheric mantle. Calcalkaline magmas, erupted between 15 and 6 Ma, have negative Ta–Nb and Ti anomalies, elevated 87Sr/86Sr and low 143Nd/144Nd, and represent increasing degrees of crustal contamination (20–50%) of rising asthenospheric magmas. The end of this phase of volcanism was marked by emplacement of crustally derived cordierite–garnet dacites suggesting very high Moho temperatures. Emplacement of alkali basalts at 10 Ma, which have smooth, convex-up, incompatible element patterns and low 87Sr/86Sr and high 143Nd/144Nd, is interpreted to reflect partial melting within the lower lithosphere. These lavas were succeeded by lamproites at 7 Ma, which have very high 87Sr/86Sr and low 143Nd/144Nd, negative Ta–Nb, Ti and Eu anomalies and extreme light REE enrichment. These formed by partial melting, in the presence of residual phlogopite, which buffered K and Nb concentrations, of shallow lithospheric mantle which had been enriched by 2–3% of a sediment component. The temporal sequence from the alkali basalts to the lamproites is interpreted to record the vertical progression of partial melting through the Iberian lithospheric mantle remaining at the margins of the Alboran Sea as convective removal propagated outwards in the orogen. The general cessation of magmatism at around 6 Ma presumably reflects thermal rethickening of the lithospheric mantle. Overall, the magmatic succession is more consistent with a geodynamic model involving convective removal of the majority of the lithospheric mantle than with models invoking wholesale delamination at the Moho, slab detachment or slab roll-back.
KEY WORDS: Betic–Alboran Domain; magmatism; geochemistry; orogenic collapse; convective removal
* Corresponding author. Telephone: +44 1908 652643. Fax: +44 1908 655151. e-mail: s.p.turner{at}open.ac.uk
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