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Journal of Petrology Volume 41 Number 9 Pages 1397-1411 2000
© Oxford University Press 2000

Magma Mixing, Recharge and Eruption Histories Recorded in Plagioclase Phenocrysts from El Chichón Volcano, Mexico

F. J. TEPLEY, III1,*, J. P. DAVIDSON1, R. I. TILLING2 and J. G. ARTH2

1DEPARTMENT OF EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095, USA
2US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, MENLO PARK, CA 94025, USA

Consistent core-to-rim decreases of 87Sr/86Sr ratios and coincident increases in Sr concentrations in plagioclase phenocrysts of varying size (~1 cm to 2 mm) are reported from samples of the 1982 and pre-1982 (~200 ka) eruptions of El Chichón Volcano. Maximum 87Sr/86Sr ratios of ~0·7054, significantly higher than the whole-rock isotopic ratios (~0·7040–0·7045), are found in the cores of plagioclase phenocrysts, and minimum 87Sr/86Sr ratios of ~0·7039 are found near some of the rims. Plagioclase phenocrysts commonly display abrupt fluctuations in An content (up to 25 mol %) that correspond to well-developed dissolution surfaces. The isotopic, textural and compositional characteristics suggest that these plagioclase phenocrysts grew in a system that was periodically recharged by higher-temperature magma with a lower 87Sr/86Sr ratio and a higher Sr concentration. Rim 87Sr/86Sr ratios in plagioclase phenocrysts of rocks from the 200 ka eruption indicate that, at that time, the magma had already attained the lowest recorded 87Sr/86Sr value of the system (~0·7039). In contrast, cores from plagioclase phenocrysts of the 1982 eruption, inferred to have grown in the past few thousand years, have the highest recorded 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the system. Collectively, the Sr isotopic data (for plagioclase and whole rock), disequilibrium textural features of the phenocrysts, known eruption frequencies, and inferred crystal-residence times of the plagioclases are best interpreted in terms of an intermittent magma chamber model. Similar processes, including crustal contamination, magma mixing, periodic recharge by addition of more mafic magma to induce plagioclase disequilibrium (possibly triggering eruption) and subsequent re-equilibration, apparently were operative throughout the 200 ky history of the El Chichón magma system.

KEY WORDS: El Chichón Volcano; magma mixing; microdrilling; plagioclase zonation; recharge magmas


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