| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Journal of Petrology | Volume 44 | Number 9 | Pages 1525-1559 | 2003
© Oxford University Press 2003
Kilauea East Rift Zone Magmatism: an Episode 54 Perspective
1 US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERVATORY, VANCOUVER, WA 98683, USA
2 US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY, HAWAII NATIONAL PARK, HI 96718, USA
3 US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DENVER FEDERAL CENTER, DENVER, CO 80225, USA
* Corresponding author. E-mail: cthornber{at}usgs.gov
On January 29–30, 1997, prolonged steady-state effusion of lava from Pu'u'O'o was briefly disrupted by shallow extension beneath Napau Crater, 1–4 km uprift of the active Kilauea vent. A 23-h-long eruption (episode 54) ensued from fissures that were overlapping or en echelon with eruptive fissures formed during episode 1 in 1983 and those of earlier rift zone eruptions in 1963 and 1968. Combined geophysical and petrologic data for the 1994–1999 eruptive interval, including episode 54, reveal a variety of shallow magmatic conditions that persist in association with prolonged rift zone eruption. Near-vent lava samples document a significant range in composition, temperature and crystallinity of pre-eruptive magma. As supported by phenocryst–liquid relations and Kilauea mineral thermometers established herein, the rift zone extension that led to episode 54 resulted in mixture of near-cotectic magma with discrete magma bodies cooled to 
1100°C. Mixing models indicate that magmas isolated beneath Napau Crater since 1963 and 1968 constituted 32–65% of the hybrid mixtures erupted during episode 54. Geophysical measurements support passive displacement of open-system magma along the active east rift conduit into closed-system rift-reservoirs along a shallow zone of extension. Geophysical and petrologic data for early episode 55 document the gradual flushing of episode 54 related magma during magmatic recharge of the edifice.
KEY WORDS: Hawaii; Kilauea; glass thermometry; magma mixing; mineral thermometry
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. A. Lange, H. M. Frey, and J. Hector A thermodynamic model for the plagioclase-liquid hygrometer/thermometer American Mineralogist, April 1, 2009; 94(4): 494 - 506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P. Marske, M. O. Garcia, A. J. Pietruszka, J. M. Rhodes, and M. D. Norman Geochemical Variations during Kilauea's Pu'u 'O'o Eruption Reveal a Fine-scale Mixture of Mantle Heterogeneities within the Hawaiian Plume J. Petrology, July 1, 2008; 49(7): 1297 - 1318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. D. Putirka Thermometers and Barometers for Volcanic Systems Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, January 1, 2008; 69(1): 61 - 120. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Norman, M. O. Garcia, and A. J. Pietruszka Trace-element distribution coefficients for pyroxenes, plagioclase, and olivine in evolved tholeiites from the 1955 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, and petrogenesis of differentiated rift-zone lavas American Mineralogist, May 1, 2005; 90(5-6): 888 - 899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. Putirka Igneous thermometers and barometers based on plagioclase + liquid equilibria: Tests of some existing models and new calibrations American Mineralogist, February 1, 2005; 90(2-3): 336 - 346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|