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Journal of Petrology Advance Access originally published online on July 8, 2004
Journal of Petrology 2004 45(8):1663-1687; doi:10.1093/petrology/egh029
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Journal of Petrology 45(8) © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved

Geochemical Constraints on the Role of Oceanic Lithosphere in Intra-Volcano Heterogeneity at West Maui, Hawaii

AMY M. GAFFNEY1,*, BRUCE K. NELSON1 and JANNE BLICHERT-TOFT2

1 DEPARTMENT OF EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, BOX 351310, SEATTLE, WA 98195, USA
2 LABORATOIRE DES SCIENCES DE LA TERRE, ÉCOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE, 46 ALLÉE D'ITALIE, 69364 LYON, CEDEX 7, FRANCE

* Corresponding author. Telephone: 206-685-3326. Fax: 206-543-0489. E-mail: agaffney{at}u.washington.edu

Stratigraphically well-constrained sequences of late shield-building stage lavas from West Maui volcano, Hawaii, show age-dependent compositional variability distinct from that seen in shield-stage lavas from any other Hawaiian volcano. These distinctions are defined by 206Pb/204Pb–208Pb/204Pb variation as well as 87Sr/86Sr correlation with 206Pb/204Pb and trace element compositions. The West Maui lavas from stratigraphically higher in the sequence have major and trace element and Sr–Pb–Hf–Nd isotopic compositions similar to Kea-type lavas sampled at the younger Mauna Kea and Kilauea volcanoes, indicating that the Kea compositional end-member of Hawaiian lavas has remained homogeneous over ~1·5 Myr. The 87Sr/86Sr–206Pb/204Pb variation in the stratigraphically lowest lavas is orthogonal to the all-Hawaii variation, indicating that it is not the result of mixing between components normally sampled by Hawaiian shield-stage magmas. We compare our West Maui data with observed compositions of Pacific oceanic basaltic and gabbroic crust, and predicted compositions for 2 Ga basaltic and gabbroic oceanic crust. The observed fine-scale compositional variability in the stratigraphically lowest West Maui lavas is consistent with 10–15% mixing of small-degree (2%) partial melts of the Pacific gabbroic oceanic crust with plume-derived, Kea-type magmas. Mass balance considerations indicate that this geochemical signal can be present in no more than 5% of the total volume of lavas erupted at West Maui.

KEY WORDS: Hawaii; Kea component; oceanic lithosphere; Sr–Pb–Hf–Nd isotopes


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J. P. Marske, M. O. Garcia, A. J. Pietruszka, J. M. Rhodes, and M. D. Norman
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