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Journal of Petrology Advance Access published online on September 20, 2006
Journal of Petrology, doi:10.1093/petrology/egl050
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received November 28, 2005
Accepted August 22, 2006

Article

Coexisting High- and Low-Calcium Melts Identified by Mineral and Melt Inclusion Studies of a Subduction-Influenced Syn-collisional Magma from South Sulawesi, Indonesia

MARLINA ELBURG 1 *, VADIM S. KAMENETSKY 2, IGOR NIKOGOSIAN 3, JOHN FODEN 4, and ALEXANDER V. SOBOLEV 5

1 MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY, GEOCHEMISTRY DIVISION, MAINZ, 55020, GERMANY; FACULTY OF EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY, FREE UNIVERSITY, AMSTERDAM, 1081 HV, THE NETHERLANDS; DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND SOIL SCIENCE, GHENT UNIVERSITY, KRIJGSLAAN 281 S8, 9000 GHENT, BELGIUM
2 MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY, GEOCHEMISTRY DIVISION, MAINZ, 55020, GERMANY; SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCES AND CODES SRC, UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, HOBART, TAS 7001, AUSTRALIA
3 FACULTY OF EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY, FREE UNIVERSITY, AMSTERDAM, 1081 HV, THE NETHERLANDS; FACULTY OF GEOSCIENCES, UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, UTRECHT, 3508 TA, THE NETHERLANDS
4 DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, ADELAIDE, SA 5005, AUSTRALIA
5 MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY, GEOCHEMISTRY DIVISION, MAINZ, 55020, GERMANY

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
MARLINA ELBURG, E-mail: Marlina.Elburg{at}Ugent.be


  Abstract

Mineral and melt inclusions in olivines from the most Mg-rich magma from the southern West Sulawesi Volcanic Province indicate that two distinct melts contributed to its petrogenesis. The contribution that dominates the whole-rock composition comes from a liquid with high CaO (up to 16 wt %) and low Al2O3 contents (CaO/Al2O3 up to 1), in equilibrium with spinel, olivine (Fo85-91; CaO 0·35-0·5 wt %; NiO 0·2-0·30 wt %) and clinopyroxene. The other component is richer in SiO2 (>50 wt %) and Al2O3 (19-21 wt %), but contains significantly less CaO (<4 wt %); it is in equilibrium with Cr-rich spinel with a low TiO2 content, olivine with low CaO and high NiO content (Fo90-94; CaO 0·05-0·20 wt %; NiO 0·35-0·5 wt %), and orthopyroxene. Both the high- and low-CaO melts are potassium-rich (>3 wt % K2O). The high-CaO melt has a normalized trace element pattern that is typical for subduction-related volcanic rocks, with negative Ta-Nb and Ti anomalies, positive K, Pb and Sr anomalies, and a relatively flat heavy rare earth element (HREE) pattern. The low-CaO melt shows Y and HREE depletion (Gdn/Ybn ≤41), but its trace element pattern resembles that of the whole-rock and high-CaO melt in other respects, suggesting only small distinctions in source areas between the two components. We propose that the depth of melting and the dominance of H2O- or CO2-bearing fluids were the main controls on generating these contrasting magmas in a syn-collisional environment. The composition of the low-CaO magma does not have any obvious rock equivalent, and it is possible that this type of magma does not easily reach the Earth's surface without the assistance of a water-poor carrier magma.

Keywords: melt inclusions; mineral chemistry; olivine; syn-collisional magmatism; ankaramites; low-Ca magma.
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