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Journal of Petrology Advance Access published online on April 17, 2007
Journal of Petrology, doi:10.1093/petrology/egm013
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Constraining Fluid and Sediment Contributions to Subduction-Related Magmatism in Indonesia: Ijen Volcanic Complex

H. K. Handley1,*, C. G. Macpherson1, J. P. Davidson1, K. Berlo2 and D. Lowry3

1Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
2Department of Earth Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
3Department Of Geology, Royal Holloway University Of London, Egham Tw20 0ex, UK

Received July 10, 2006; Revised typescript accepted March 7, 2007


  Abstract

Ijen Volcanic Complex (IVC) in East Java, Indonesia is situated on thickened oceanic crust within the Quaternary volcanic front of the Sunda arc. The 20 km wide calderas complex contains around 22 post-caldera eruptive centres, positioned either around the caldera-rim (CR) or along a roughly NE–SW lineament inside the caldera (IC). The CR and IC lavas exhibit separate differentiation histories. Major element and trace element modelling shows that fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, Fe–Ti oxide ± plagioclase is important in the CR group, whereas plagioclase is the dominant fractionating mineral in the same assemblage for the IC group. Spatial controls on magmatic differentiation highlight important structural controls on magma storage and ascent at IVC. Mantle-like {delta}18O values, restricted ranges in Sr, Nd and Hf isotope ratios, and a lack of correlation between isotope ratios and indices of differentiation in IVC lavas are consistent with magmatic evolution through fractional crystallization. Furthermore, the small ranges in isotopic ratios throughout the complex indicate little heterogeneity in the mantle. IVC lavas possess higher 176Hf/177Hf and 143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios than other volcanoes of Java, representing the least contaminated source so far analysed and, therefore, give the best estimate yet of the pre-subduction mantle wedge isotopic composition beneath Java. Trace element and radiogenic isotope data are consistent with a two-stage, three-component petrogenetic model for IVC, whereby an Indian-type mid-ocean ridge basalt (I-MORB)-like fertile mantle wedge is first infiltrated by a small percentage of fluid, sourced from the altered oceanic crust, prior to addition of <1% Indian Ocean sediment dominated by pelagic material.

KEY WORDS: differentiation; geochemistry; source components; Sr, Nd, Hf and O isotopes; Sunda arc

*Corresponding author. Present address: GEMOC Key Centre, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Telephone: +61 2 9850 4405. Fax: +61 2 9850 8943. E-mail: hhandley{at}els.mq.edu.au


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